Register-Transfer Level (RTL)

Concept

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) is a hardware design abstraction used in processor-core verification, microprocessor hazard analysis, and hardware-security information-flow analysis. The provided evidence shows RTL cores being co-simulated against instruction-set simulators, checked with coverage-guided randomized instruction streams, analyzed for pipeline hazards, and represented in RTL-specific security graphs.

First seen 5/29/2026

Last seen 6/9/2026

Evidence 8 chunks

Wiki v1

WIKI

Overview

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) appears in the evidence as a hardware design level for processor cores and microprocessors under verification. In processor-verification settings, the RTL core is treated as the implementation under test and is compared against a higher-level reference such as an instruction-set simulator (ISS). This comparison must account for micro-architectural behavior such as pipelining, prefetching, and fetch buffering.

Role in processor verification

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NEIGHBORHOOD

1 nodes · 0 edges

graph · Register-Transfer Level (RTL) · depth=1

RELATIONSHIPS

6 connections

Cross-Level Processor Verification ← uses 100% 5e

Cross-level processor verification targets RTL verification.

Cross-level processor verification via endless randomized instruction stream generation with coverage-guided aging ← uses 100% 3e

The paper targets processor verification at the RTL.

Co-simulation ← uses 95% 2e

Co-simulation combines ISS with the RTL processor core for comparison.

MINRES The Good Core (TGC) ← implements 90% 1e

The TGC is an RTL implementation of a RISC-V processor.

simulation-based verification ← uses 90% 1e

Simulation-based verification operates at RTL

Pipeline Verification ← uses 85% 1e

Pipeline verification is performed at the RTL level considering micro-architectural details.

LINKED ENTITIES

3 links

Cross-Level Processor Verification USES Extracted graph relationship

Cross-level processor verification via endless randomized instruction stream generation with coverage-guided aging USES Extracted graph relationship

MINRES The Good Core (TGC) IMPLEMENTS Extracted graph relationship

CITATIONS

6 sources

6 citations — click to expand

[1] RTL cores are used as implementation models in cross-level processor verification against an ISS reference model. Cross-Level Processor Verification via Endless Randomized Instruction Stream Generation with Coverage-guided Aging

[2] The DATE 2022 cross-level approach generates endless unrestricted instruction streams and uses runtime coverage information from the ISS with coverage-guided aging to target RTL-core bugs. Cross-Level Processor Verification via Endless Randomized Instruction Stream Generation with Coverage-guided Aging

[3] The RTL co-simulation setup accounts for micro-architectural effects such as pipelining, prefetching, and fetch buffering, and uses a comparator to detect functional differences between ISS and RTL register updates. Cross-Level Processor Verification via Endless Randomized Instruction Stream Generation with Coverage-guided Aging

[4] The evaluation used a 32-bit pipelined RISC-V core from the MINRES The Good Core series, translated the industrial RTL core to C++ with Verilator, and integrated it with a SystemC-based RISC-V ISS. Cross-Level Processor Verification via Endless Randomized Instruction Stream Generation with Coverage-guided Aging

[5] HADES targets single-pipeline microprocessors designed at RTL and analyzes read-after-write, write-after-write, and write-after-read hazards. HADES: Microprocessor Hazard Analysis via Formal Verification of Parameterized Systems

[6] A hyperflow graph is described as an RTL hardware security graph that models information flows and supports metrics for flow paths, flow conditions, and flow rates. Information Flow Coverage Metrics for Hardware Security Verification