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STIMSMITH

Interpretive Simulation

Technique WIKI v1 · 5/26/2026

Interpretive simulation is an instruction-set simulation paradigm in which instructions are decoded and executed one by one. It offers high flexibility for run-time modifiable programs, but instruction decoding is identified as its main performance bottleneck.

Overview

Interpretive simulation is described in the context of instruction set simulators (ISS) as one of three main simulation paradigms, alongside compiled simulation and just-in-time compiled simulation (JIT-CS). These paradigms differ in flexibility and performance. [C1]

Operation

In an interpretive simulator, the instructions to be executed are decoded one by one. This execution style is the basis for the technique's flexibility, especially for programs that can be modified at run time. [C2]

Strengths

The cited source states that interpretive simulators offer the highest flexibility for run-time modifiable programs. This contrasts with compiled simulation, which performs decoding, and sometimes static scheduling, at compile time and is not applicable to run-time modifiable code or dynamic scheduling. [C3]

Limitation

The main bottleneck in interpretive simulation is instruction decoding. Because decoding is performed during simulation for each instruction, interpretive simulation can be slower than approaches that move decoding earlier or cache decoded information. [C4]

Comparison with other ISS paradigms

Compiled simulators carry out instruction decoding at compile time and may also perform static scheduling at compile time. However, the cited source states that compiled simulation is not applicable for run-time modifiable code and dynamic scheduling. [C5]

Just-in-time compiled simulation attempts to combine flexibility and performance by storing information on previously decoded instructions in a cache and reusing it when the instruction is executed again. The cited source states that this can achieve performance comparable to compiled simulation without losing the flexibility of the interpretive approach. [C6]

Reported performance example

In one evaluation on a small pipelined processor, a commercial-tool ISS using an interpretive approach achieved an average performance of 0.22 million instructions per second (MIPS), while a just-in-time compiled simulator achieved 14 MIPS. An ISS generated from a property suite achieved 7 MIPS in the same reported comparison. [C7]

CITATIONS

7 sources
7 citations
[1] C1: Interpretive simulation is one of three main instruction-set simulation paradigms, along with compiled simulation and just-in-time compiled simulation, and these paradigms differ in flexibility and performance. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[2] C2: Interpretive simulators decode instructions to be executed one by one. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[3] C3: Interpretive simulators offer the highest flexibility for run-time modifiable programs, while compiled simulation is not applicable for run-time modifiable code or dynamic scheduling. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[4] C4: The bottleneck in interpretive simulation is instruction decoding. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[5] C5: Compiled simulators perform decoding, and sometimes static scheduling, at compile time. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[6] C6: Just-in-time compiled simulation stores information on previously decoded instructions in a cache for reuse and can achieve performance comparable to compiled simulation without losing interpretive flexibility. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite
[7] C7: In a reported small-processor evaluation, an interpretive ISS achieved 0.22 MIPS, a JIT-CS simulator achieved 14 MIPS, and a property-suite-generated ISS achieved 7 MIPS. Generating an Efficient Instruction Set Simulator from a Complete Property Suite