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Cross-Level Verification

Concept

Cross-level verification is a processor-verification approach that co-simulates an RTL core under test with a reference instruction-set simulator (ISS), feeds both with the same instruction stream, and checks behavioral equivalence, such as by comparing register values. The provided evidence describes a RISC-V-focused implementation that combines this cross-level co-simulation with coverage-guided fuzzing, deterministic translation of bounded fuzzer inputs into endless instruction streams, runtime limiting, and post-processing of mismatch-triggering tests.

First seen 5/25/2026
Last seen 5/29/2026
Evidence 6 chunks
Wiki v1

WIKI

Definition

Cross-Level Verification refers here to processor verification across abstraction levels: a register-transfer-level (RTL) core under test is co-simulated with a reference instruction-set simulator (ISS), and both execute the same generated instruction stream. Behavioral equality is checked during execution, with mismatches detected through register-value comparison. [cross-level-cosimulation-flow]

Method described in the evidence

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RELATIONSHIPS

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The paper proposes a cross-level verification approach for processors.
This related paper introduces the cross-level co-simulation approach that the current paper builds upon.