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Clock Failure

Concept

Clock failure refers to the abnormal condition in which a clock signal ceases to propagate correctly through clock-distribution or clock-generation circuitry, causing downstream logic to lose its timing reference. In digital phase-locked and delay-locked loops, clock failure can be triggered by excessive bias steps during locking, while in complex SoC power-management verification, it is treated as one of the asynchronous events that can occur during mode transitions and is targeted by corner-case scenario generation tools.

First seen 6/22/2026
Last seen 6/22/2026
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WIKI

Clock Failure

Definition

A clock failure is an abnormal condition in which a clock signal fails to propagate correctly through a clock-generating or clock-distributing structure, depriving downstream sequential logic of a valid timing reference. The term is used in two related but distinct contexts in the evidence base: (1) the hardware context of phase-/delay-locked loops, where large step sizes during locking can stall clock propagation through a voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL), and (2) the SoC power-management verification context, where a clock failure is enumerated as one of several asynchronous events (alongside external resets, interrupts, and wakeups) that may coincide with an ongoing mode transition.

Clock Failure in Delay-Locked Loops

In mixed-mode delay-locked loops (MM-DLLs), the locking process relies on adjusting a voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) until the delay matches a target value. When a binary search (BS) locking scheme is used, the controller applies large voltage steps at the start of locking to converge quickly. These large steps can introduce significant bias overshoots, which in turn can produce a clock failure condition, defined as the state in which "clocks fail to propagate through the VCDL." Without mitigation, such a failure stalls the locking process.

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RELATIONSHIPS

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CCSG ← uses 93% 1e
CCSG allows the user to select clock failure as the event type for injection.
Asynchronous Event Injection part of → 92% 1e
Clock failure is one of the asynchronous event types that can be injected during mode transitions.

CITATIONS

4 sources
4 citations — click to collapse
[1] In a mixed-mode DLL with binary search locking, large step sizes at the start of the binary search can cause significant bias overshoots that lead to a clock failure condition in which clocks fail to propagate through the VCDL. Fast-Locking and High-Resolution Mixed-Mode DLL with Binary Search and Clock Failure Detection for Wide Frequency Ranges in 3-nm FinFET CMOS
[2] A toggle detector monitors clock activity and, upon detecting a stalled clock, reverts the DAC code to the previous working code and resumes the binary search with a reduced step size to recover from clock failure. Fast-Locking and High-Resolution Mixed-Mode DLL with Binary Search and Clock Failure Detection for Wide Frequency Ranges in 3-nm FinFET CMOS
[3] Clock failure is one of the asynchronous events (alongside external resets, external interrupts, and external wakeups) that can occur during the window of an ongoing SoC mode transition and can cause mode-transition corner-case bugs. Corner Case Scenario Generation (CCSG) Tool: A Novel Approach to find corner case bugs in next generation SoCs
[4] The CCSG tool accepts clock failure as a user-selected event type and sweeps it with high precision across the edges of an asynchronous local clock to cover the entire mode-transition window, then post-processes the results into successful versus failed transition counts. Corner Case Scenario Generation (CCSG) Tool: A Novel Approach to find corner case bugs in next generation SoCs