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8N1 Serial Framing

Concept WIKI v1 · 8/6/2026

8N1 is the asynchronous serial framing scheme implemented by the UART RTL modules uart_tx.v and uart_rx.v. It consists of 1 start bit (LOW), 8 data bits transmitted LSB-first, an even parity bit, and 1 stop bit (HIGH), with baud rate controlled by a baud_div clock divider parameter.

Definition

8N1 serial framing refers to a standard asynchronous UART frame configuration: 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity handshake marker (here supplemented by an explicit even parity bit), and 1 stop bit. In the context of the related Verilog artifacts (uart_tx.v and uart_rx.v), the frame is concretely specified as:

  • 1 start bit — logic LOW
  • 8 data bits — transmitted LSB-first
  • Even parity bit — one bit of even parity over the data payload
  • 1 stop bit — logic HIGH

The baud rate is governed by the baud_div clock divider parameter on the UART modules, which divides the system clock to produce the desired bit period.

Implementation Context

The UART transmitter (uart_tx.v) and receiver (uart_rx.v) are the two Verilog artifacts that instantiate 8N1 framing. They are exercised by a UVM-based verification environment that uses a loopback topology, connecting the TX output directly to the RX input so that transmitted bytes can be observed at the receiver without an external serial link.

Verification Topology

The 8N1 framing behavior is validated within a self-checking scoreboard that compares Python-predicted transaction values against actual DUT outputs using SystemVerilog's === operator, correctly handling 4-value logic to avoid false passes when uninitialized X values propagate through the datapath.

Parameters

Parameter Description
baud_div Clock divider used to derive the bit period from the system clock
Parity Even (1 parity bit inserted between data and stop bit)
Data width 8 bits, LSB-first
Stop bits 1 (logic HIGH)
Start bit 1 (logic LOW)

Related Artifacts

  • uart_tx.v — UART transmitter implementing 8N1 framing
  • uart_rx.v — UART receiver implementing 8N1 framing

CITATIONS

4 sources
4 citations
[1] 8N1 serial framing consists of 1 start bit (LOW), 8 data bits LSB-first, even parity bit, 1 stop bit (HIGH). ConfigDrivenV: A Python-Integrated UVM Testbench for Automated RTL Verification with Self-Checking Scoreboard
[4] The testbench uses loopback topology connecting TX output directly to RX input. ConfigDrivenV: A Python-Integrated UVM Testbench for Automated RTL Verification with Self-Checking Scoreboard